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COPVs are classified by how the pressure load is shared between the metal liner (if any) and the composite overwrap. The classification looks dry on paper, but it determines weight, cost, cycle life, and permeation.
| Liner | Wall thickness | H₂ permeation* | Cycle life | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel (Type I) | Varies | < 0.01% / month | > 30,000 (steel) | Stationary, industrial, scuba |
| Aluminium (Type III) | ~3–6 mm | < 0.05% / month | 5,000–15,000 | SCBA, aerospace, breathing |
| Thin metal liner (Type IV-M) | ≤ 1 mm | ~0.05% / month | ~2,000–5,000 (metal fatigue, like Type III) | Zero-leak service where cycle count is low; weight-conscious |
| HDPE (Type IV) | ~4 mm | ~15% / month | 10,000+ | CNG, cost-led mobile gas |
| MEYER sealed liner (H₂/He models) | ~0.3 mm class | No measurable loss | 10,000+, NLL | Weight-critical mobile (UAV, CubeSat, SCBA) — now including long-duration H₂ and He storage |
*Indicative H₂ permeation at 300 bar, 20 °C. Each format has its place depending on the mission. Generic polymer-lined Type IV variants trade permeation for the lowest mass (classic modified PET, used in MEYER air/N₂ models, runs ~30%/month for H₂). Since 2026, all MEYER hydrogen (-H2) and helium (-HE) models ship with the MEYER sealed liner: no measurable permeation, verified by helium leak detection — metal-liner gas-tightness without the metal-liner cycle-life cap. Actual values depend on liner formulation, dome geometry, fill cycle profile, gas type, and temperature.
